| HallOfFame {Lahman} | R Documentation |
Hall of Fame table. This is comprised of the voting results for all candidates nominated for the Baseball Hall of Fame.
data(HallOfFame)
A data frame with 4015 observations on the following 8 variables.
hofIDPlayer ID code
yearIDYear of ballot
votedByMethod by which player was voted upon. See Details
ballotsTotal ballots cast in that year
neededNumber of votes needed for selection in that year
votesTotal votes received
inductedWhether player was inducted by that vote or not (Y or N)
categoryCategory of candidate; a factor with levels Manager Pioneer/Executive Player Umpire
needed_noteExplanation of qualifiers for special elections
This table links to the Master table via the hofID.
votedBy: Most Hall of Fame inductees have been elected by the
Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA). Rules for election are
described in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum#Selection_process.
Lahman, S. (2010) Lahman's Baseball Database, 1871-2010, v.5.8, http://baseball1.com/statistics/
## Some examples for Hall of Fame induction data
data('HallOfFame')
require('plyr') ## extensive use of plyr for data manipulation
require('ggplot2')
############################################################
## Some simple queries
# What are the different types of votedBy?
table(HallOfFame$votedBy)
##
## BBWAA Centennial Final Ballot Negro League
## 3587 6 21 26
## Nominating Vote Old Timers Run Off Special Election
## 76 30 81 2
## Veterans
## 186
# What was the first year of Hall of Fame elections?
sort(unique(HallOfFame$yearID))[1]
## [1] 1936
# Who comprised the original class?
subset(HallOfFame, yearID == 1936 & inducted == 'Y')
## hofID yearID votedBy ballots needed votes inducted category
## 1 cobbty01h 1936 BBWAA 226 170 222 Y Player
## 2 ruthba01h 1936 BBWAA 226 170 215 Y Player
## 3 wagneho01h 1936 BBWAA 226 170 215 Y Player
## 4 mathech01h 1936 BBWAA 226 170 205 Y Player
## 5 johnswa01h 1936 BBWAA 226 170 189 Y Player
## needed_note
## 1 <NA>
## 2 <NA>
## 3 <NA>
## 4 <NA>
## 5 <NA>
# Result of a player's last year on the BBWAA ballot
# Restrict to players voted by BBWAA:
HOFplayers <- subset(HallOfFame, votedBy == 'BBWAA' & category == 'Player')
# Function to calculate number of years as HOF candidate, last pct vote, etc.
# for a given player
HOFun <- function(d) {
nyears <- nrow(d)
fy <- d[nyears, ]
lastPct <- with(fy, 100 * round(votes/ballots, 3))
data.frame(hofID = fy$hofID, nyears, induct = fy$inducted,
lastPct, lastYear = fy$yearID)
}
playerOutcomesHOF <- ddply(HOFplayers, .(hofID), HOFun)
############################################################
# How many voting years until election?
inducted <- subset(playerOutcomesHOF,induct == 'Y')
table(inducted$nyears)
##
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
## 43 10 8 7 8 4 2 4 6 3 3 1 4 1 2
barplot(table(inducted$nyears), main="Number of voting years until election",
ylab="Number of players", xlab="Years")
# What is the form of this distribution?
require('vcd')
## Loading required package: vcd
## Loading required package: MASS
## Loading required package: grid
## Loading required package: colorspace
## Warning: package 'colorspace' was built under R version 2.15.3
goodfit(inducted$nyears)
##
## Observed and fitted values for poisson distribution
## with parameters estimated by `ML'
##
## count observed fitted
## 0 0 1.519158
## 1 43 6.449255
## 2 10 13.689456
## 3 8 19.371871
## 4 7 20.559769
## 5 8 17.456408
## 6 4 12.351232
## 7 2 7.490639
## 8 4 3.974985
## 9 6 1.874993
## 10 3 0.795988
## 11 3 0.307199
## 12 1 0.108679
## 13 4 0.035490
## 14 1 0.010762
## 15 2 0.003046
plot(goodfit(inducted$nyears), xlab='Number of years',
main="Poissonness plot of number of years voting until election")
Ord_plot(table(inducted$nyears), xlab='Number of years')
# First ballot inductees:
subset(playerOutcomesHOF, nyears == 1L & induct == 'Y')
## hofID nyears induct lastPct lastYear
## 1 aaronha01h 1 Y 97.8 1982
## 39 bankser01h 1 Y 83.8 1977
## 58 benchjo01h 1 Y 96.4 1989
## 84 boggswa01h 1 Y 91.9 2005
## 102 brettge01h 1 Y 98.2 1999
## 107 brocklo01h 1 Y 79.7 1985
## 147 carewro01h 1 Y 90.5 1991
## 149 carltst01h 1 Y 95.6 1994
## 182 cobbty01h 1 Y 98.2 1936
## 274 eckerde01h 1 Y 83.2 2004
## 294 fellebo01h 1 Y 93.8 1962
## 342 gibsobo01h 1 Y 84.0 1981
## 384 gwynnto01h 1 Y 97.6 2007
## 411 henderi01h 1 Y 94.8 2009
## 460 jacksre01h 1 Y 93.6 1993
## 473 johnswa01h 1 Y 83.6 1936
## 489 kalinal01h 1 Y 88.3 1980
## 520 koufasa01h 1 Y 86.9 1972
## 583 mantlmi01h 1 Y 88.2 1974
## 598 mathech01h 1 Y 90.7 1936
## 610 mayswi01h 1 Y 94.7 1979
## 616 mccovwi01h 1 Y 81.4 1986
## 658 molitpa01h 1 Y 85.2 2004
## 669 morgajo02h 1 Y 81.8 1990
## 683 murraed02h 1 Y 85.3 2003
## 686 musiast01h 1 Y 93.2 1969
## 721 palmeji01h 1 Y 92.6 1990
## 760 puckeki01h 1 Y 82.1 2001
## 793 ripkeca01h 1 Y 98.5 2007
## 801 robinbr01h 1 Y 92.0 1983
## 802 robinfr02h 1 Y 89.2 1982
## 803 robinja02h 1 Y 77.5 1962
## 822 ruthba01h 1 Y 95.1 1936
## 824 ryanno01h 1 Y 98.8 1999
## 844 schmimi01h 1 Y 96.5 1995
## 854 seaveto01h 1 Y 98.8 1992
## 886 smithoz01h 1 Y 91.7 2002
## 903 stargwi01h 1 Y 82.4 1988
## 985 wagneho01h 1 Y 95.1 1936
## 1027 willite01h 1 Y 93.4 1966
## 1033 winfida01h 1 Y 84.5 2001
## 1046 yastrca01h 1 Y 94.6 1989
## 1054 yountro01h 1 Y 77.5 1999
# Who took at least ten years on the ballot before induction?
# (Doesn't include Bert Blyleven, who was inducted in 2011.)
subset(playerOutcomesHOF, nyears >= 10L & induct == 'Y')
## hofID nyears induct lastPct lastYear
## 80 blylebe01h 14 Y 79.7 2011
## 93 boudrlo01h 10 Y 77.3 1970
## 210 cronijo01h 10 Y 78.8 1956
## 264 drysddo01h 10 Y 78.4 1984
## 402 hartnga01h 11 Y 77.7 1955
## 407 heilmha01h 11 Y 86.8 1952
## 506 kinerra01h 13 Y 75.4 1975
## 548 lemonbo01h 12 Y 78.6 1976
## 585 maranra01h 13 Y 82.9 1954
## 785 riceji01h 15 Y 76.4 2009
## 889 snidedu01h 11 Y 86.5 1980
## 926 suttebr01h 13 Y 76.9 2006
## 938 terrybi01h 13 Y 77.4 1954
## 971 vanceda01h 15 Y 81.7 1955
############################################################
## Plots of voting percentages over time for the borderline
## HOF candidates, according to the BBWAA:
# (1) Set up the data:
longTimers <- as.character(unlist(subset(playerOutcomesHOF,
nyears >= 10, select = 'hofID')))
HOFlt <- subset(HallOfFame, hofID %in% longTimers & votedBy == 'BBWAA')
HOFlt <- ddply(HOFlt, .(hofID), mutate,
elected = ifelse(any(inducted == 'Y'),"Elected", "Not elected"),
pct = 100 * round(votes/ballots, 3))
# Plot the voting profiles:
ggplot(HOFlt, aes(x = yearID, y = pct,
group = hofID)) +
ggtitle("Profiles of voting percentage for long-time HOF candidates") +
geom_line() +
geom_hline(yintercept = 75, col = 'red') +
labs(list(x = "Year", y = "Percentage of votes")) +
facet_wrap(~ elected, ncol = 1)
# Note: All but one of the players whose maximum voting percentage
# was over 60% and was not elected by the BBWAA has eventually been inducted
# into the HOF. Red Ruffing was elected in a 1967 runoff election while
# the others have been voted in by the Veterans Committee. The lone
# exception is Gil Hodges; his profile is the one that flatlines around 60%
# for several years in the late 70s and early 80s.